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Making Gel Candles

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gel candlesI found detailed guides to creating gel candles at Gel Candle Making.com

They share some useful tips and busted some myths, exaggerations and horror stories. One email in particular has been circulating and has now been deemed as an urban legend. It includes stories about toilets blowing up and exploding gel candles which seems to be a slight exaggeration. Some polar fragrance oils can separate from gel and form pockets which can then possibly flare up so using the proper fragrance oil is important.

Although candles don’t really explode, if the glass isn’t thick enough it could possibly shatter after being overheated for too long. See Making Gel Candles section on gel candle horror stories for more information.

Although Making Gel Candles guides are broken into sections, it would be a good idea to read all of them before beginning.

Section 1 is all about Gel and includes what it’s made out of and what type you need. Section 2 explains the equipment needed which is typical traditional candle making equipment but a Presto Kitchen Kettle is suggested instead of a double boiler. This is much easier anyway and also has a temperature control which is safer. I haven’t made gel candles so a new piece of equipment that looked unfamiliar was metal knitting needles or a metal spoon for stirring. Section 3 includes a little bit of information on dyes. Section 4 is about fragrances which is important because they have to be non-polar and above a certain flash point. There is a lot of useful information here including a test for polarity if you want to see if your fragrance is safe for gel. Section 5 has some information on wicks and which wicks to use. Section 6 is on embeds and includes suggestions on non-flammable items to use. Section 7 is on technical info, 8 is on product testing and 9 has a well organized safe gel check list.

It’s an informative site and a good source of information for the beginning geller.

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Learn about Comoros for Kids

One thing I didn’t expect when I started writing posts about the countries of the world was that there would be countries I haven’t heard of. But here we are with Comoros, an independent archipelago made up of three islands in Southeastern Africa, which I had never heard of before it showed up on my list. So let’s see what we can learn about Comoros!

Comoros Basics

Comoros, or Union of the Comoros, is located in the Indian Ocean and is 641 square miles, or 1,659 square kilometers, making it the third-smallest African nation by area (there are other island groups that are smaller). 

The population is around 900,000, and the capital and largest city is Moroni. 

Comoros declared independence from France in 1975. One island that is considered part of the Comoro Islands voted against independence and is still an overseas department of France. 

The official state religion is Sunni Islam, and the official languages are Comorian, French and Arabic. It’s the only country that’s part of the Arab League that is completely in the Southern Hemisphere.

The islands were originally settled by Asian, Arab and African peoples before becoming part of the French empire. It’s a place of great political instability, which has had more than 20 coups or attempted coups. It is a presidential republic with a legislature. 

Here’s one the kids will like: legend has it the largest island was formed by a volcano that developed because a jinn dropped a jewel in the ocean. 

Comoros National Symbols

The Comoros flag bears four horizontal stripes in yellow, white, red and blue, with a green triangle on the left side featuring a white crescent moon and four stars. The four stripes and four stars represent the four main islands (including that one that voted against independence), while the green, star and crescent symbolize Islam. 

The national anthem is “Udzima wa ya Masiwa” (sometimes spelled different ways, but I’m following Wikipedia on this one), which means “Union of the Great Islands.” It was adopted in 1978 and also mentions that wayward island of Mayotte still claimed by the French. 

The national seal includes the same crescent and stars as on the flag, rotated on their side. This is on top of a stylized sun and surrounded by a pair of olive branches. The name of the country is written in French and Arabic, and the national motto (Unité, Solidarité, Développement, or Unity, Solidarity, Development) is written at the bottom. 

There’s not a lot of information available about the country, but the CIA Handbook tells me they do a lot of fishing, and the top agricultural products are bananas, coconuts, cassava, yams and maize. Perfume production is also a top industry. 

One website I found shows a picture of a Malagasy bulbul as the national bird. This songbird has a bright orange beak and is found on Madagascar and on some other nearby islands. It also suggests the Nectaropetalum zuluense, a small, five petaled white flower, is the national flower. 

Another video says the national flower is the ylang-ylang and the national animal is the mongoose lemur. It also says the national bird is the blue pigeon, but I couldn’t find any official word on any of this. The same video said the national fruit is the bungo fruit, which is sort of like a combination of an orange and pineapple with a hard orange shell. 

Comoros Activities for Kids

Learn more about the mongoose lemur, a critically endangered lemur that is indigenous to Madagascar and was introduced to Comoros. Another awesome animal from the island is the (also critically endangered) Livingstone’s fruit bat, also known as the Comoros flying fox.

Check out Mount Karthala, the still-active volcano that produced Grand Comore island (also known as Ngazidja). 

Comoros has a history of pirates and raiders, including a visit from the notorious Captain Kidd, whose crew took ill on the island and many are buried there. Learn more about Kidd and his supposed still-buried treasure from Britannica. 

Watch this video to learn about Moheli National Park, a remote marine sanctuary and tropical forest. 

Learn about the traditional dress and cultural activities of the islands on this page from Adore Comoros.

You’ll find some Comoros printables and other activities at Teachers Pay Teachers.

What many consider the national dish is madaba, made from cassava leaves and coconut milk. Since cassava can be hard to come by in many parts of the world, the recipes I’m finding use kale and/or collard greens instead. Another popular dish is ndrovi ya nazi, plantains cooked in coconut milk and served with fish. Epicurious has a recipe for the plantain part.

You can also try pulao, a meat and rice dish. I’m not sure what meat they would use but this recipe from This Muslim Girl Bakes uses lamb. There’s also mikatra siniya, a white cake made from rice flour and coconut, that is classic for celebrations in Comoros. Grab the recipe from 196 Flavors.